Typewriter



NOV. 19, 1935. R G CLARK 2,021,174

TYPEWRITER Filed Oct. 8, .1951 s Sheets-Sheet 1' INVENTOR berl 6. ClarkNov. 19, 1935.

IIEIIIIE INVENTOR Robert 5. Clark RIG. CLARK TYPEWRITER Nov. 19, 1935.

Filed Oct. 8, 1951 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Nov. '19, 1935 UNITED STATETYPEWRITER Robert G. Clark, Brooklyn, N. Y., assignor to 1 J. WilliamMengel, New York, N. Y.

Application October 8, 1931, Serial No. 567,597

19 Claims.

This inventionrelates to typewriters and particularly, to that typewherein the characters are carried on a type cylinder, the particularcharacter to be printed being selected automati cally on the operationof the proper key.

My invention contemplates the provision of a comparatively simple andinexpensive typewriter comprising a minimum number of parts, in whichtype carrying bars are eliminated, which 10 is comparatively noiselessin its operation, which prints by pressure instead of by hammer-likeblows of the type, and which is compact and readily foldable and ofcomparatively little weight, whereby it is ideally suited for use where15 portable machines are required. The various objects of my inventionwill be clear from the description which follows, and from the drawings,in which,

Fig. 1 is a top plan view of my improved ma- 20 chine as it appearsunfolded and ready for operation.

Fig. 2 is a rear view and partial vertical section of a part of themachine showing, particularly, the carriage feed or escapement, and themeans for capitalizing and decapitalizing.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged top plan View similar to Fig. 1 and partly brokenaway of about half of my new machine.

Fig. 4 is a vertical section of the same in the o9 unfolded positionthereof, showing the folded or collapsed position in dotted lines, and

Fig. 5 is a vertical section taken on the line 55 of Fig. 3 showing thetype cylinder and part of the means for supporting and operating thesame.

In general, my new machine includes a type cylinder on which is provideda'series of rows or lines of type comprising all of the necessary typecharacters, both upper and lower case. The desired character is selectedby the depression of a key, whereby the cylinder is raised to select theproper row in which the selected character lies, the cylinder being alsorotated to bring the selected character into printing position, and theentire cylinder being rocked to a very slight degree forwardly to printthe character thus selected by pressure through a ribbon of the'usualtype.

' The rows or lines of type characters are so designed that one-half ofeach row or line carries lower case characters, while the other halfcarries upper case characters, or characters designated on the rear halfof each key. The change from upper case to lower case characters andvice versa is made by operating a capitalizing and decapitalizing key. Asuitable escapement feed for the carriage is provided as Well as theusual ribbon mechanism. The parts are so supported and arranged that thekey levers may be coplapsed relatively to the remainder of the machine,and so that the entire machine may be folded up into a comparativelysmall space to render it readily portable.

In that practical embodiment of my invention which I have illustrated byway of example, I 10 prefer to provide a foldable case for the machine,

which case is normally opened up to bring the various parts intooperative position. As illustrated, the case comprises three sectionshinged together. The main section H] includes the 16 bottom I l, therear wall l2, and side walls terminating in the upper curved. edges 13.To the main section it] is hinged, as by means of the hinge H, the frontsection M which includes the Wall l5, which becomes when folded, part ofthe 20 front wall of the case, and the side walls It.

The rear portions IB of the side walls lfi are preferably offsetinwardly of the remaining portions of said walls, as clearly shown inFigs. 1 and 3 and up to thedotted line IQ of Fig. 4, 26 whereby saidportions I8 may be collapsed into .position inwardly of the side wallsof the main section when the front section is swung about the hinge H.In this position, the limiting line I9 of the offset engages the curvedupper edge 80 i3 of the side walls of the main section.

The entire key board is also collapsed at the same time into the dottedline position shown in Fig. 4, as will be later described in detail. Tothe rear wall l2 of the main section is hinged the top section 29 as at2|. Said top section comprises the bottom wall 22 which becomes the topwall of the folded case, the wall 23 which becomes the rear wall of thefolded case, and the wall 26 which becomes part of the front wall of thefolded case and forming the continuation of the wall M of the frontsection for that purpose. It will be understood that the edge 25 isshaped to correspond to the shape of the upper edge l3 of the side wallsof the main section,

and to correspond with the upper edge-26 of the carriage.

suitable'angle plate as 33 is secured to the extension 3| so as to formthe groove 34 therebetween for the reception and guidance of the rearedge portion of the carriage. Similarly, the angle plate 35, secured toanother extension or ear 36 of the frame forms the'groove 3itherebetween to support and guide the front edge of The platen 38 of theusual type is supported by means of the brackets 39 secured to thecarriage 32, and is provided with a knob 45 for rotating the platenmanually. Said brack- -ets 39 further support the feed screw 40 which isrotatably held therein, and which terminates in the disc 4! providedwith a series of spaced stop pins as 42. A spring as 43 provided with asuitable recess 44, is secured to the bracket 33, one of the pins 42 atall times entering the recess 44 for preventing normally any rotation ofthe feed screw. However, the screw may be readily rotated in eitherdirection by means of the knob 4| since the rounded pins leave therecess d4 of the spring when ,said knob isrotated and reengages the nextone of the series of pins d2 to again retain the screw in the newposition in which it is set. Manual rotation of the feed screw serves tofeed the carriage in either direction,

this movement being intended to be used for short distances at a time,and to obviate the necessity for disconnecting the carriage feed fromthe carriage. The feed screw operates through the internally threadedsleeve 11 which'is normally held against rotation by the escapementmechanism 52, and which is prevented from moving longitudinally by meansof the ears 19.

' Paper is fed on to the platen through the groove 46 between thepaper'guide plate 41 and the platen, forwarding of the paper beingassured as t he'paper passes between and is frictionally engaged by thepaper rolls 58 and 49. The entire carriage is normally drawn toward theright inthe usual manner by means of the flat spring 50, secured to thelower end of the left bracket 39,

and coiled and placed under tension by means of the spring reel 5ipivoted to the frame of the machine Movement of the carriage under theinfluence of the spring 59 is, however, normally "prevented by means ofa suitable escapement designated generally'by the numeral 52 and .whichwill later be described in detail;

As has been previously indicated, the type characters are carried on asuitable typecylinder 53 in vertically spaced rows or lines as 89, 88.Any

desired number of such rows may be provided, but I have illustratedeight, which I have found to be sufficient to carry all of thecharacters required. Each of the rows as 89 and 9% may contain ten ortwelve characters in all. One-half of the irow, that is, through acircumference of 180",

-the upper case characters.

is adapted to select the desired character from.

contains what I will term the lower case characters, while the otherhalf of the row contains either half of the row, but means are providedto rotate the type cylinder through so that parallel rows.

Each of the keys 55 a key will select either an upper case or a lowercase character, as the case may be, depending on the initial position towhich the cylinder has been shifted by the shift, or capitalizing and;decapitalizing key. It will be understood that. the cylinder is alwaysreturned to either one of two initial positions when the operatingkey isre leased, said positions being the initial position for the selectionof lower case characters, wherein thefirst lower case character is inprinting position, or the initial position for the selection of uppercase characters, wherein the first upper case character is in printingposition.

The type cylinder is capable of three different movements. One of themovements is a substantially vertical or axial movement whereby theproper row or line is selected; the second movement is that whereby theproper character in the selected row is selected by the rotation of. thetype cylinder about its'axiaand the third move-- ment is that whereinthe 'type cylinder is tilted bodily through a small angle about an axisat the lower end thereof toward the platen 38, whereby pressure isexerted upon the platen by the selected character through a suitableribbon to print the character upon the paper. It will be understood thatthe row selecting and character selecting movements may be accomplishedsubstantially simultaneously, if desired, or inrapid succession, as maybe found convenient or desirable, and that these movements aresubstantially completed just before the last part of the tilting orprinting movement is completed.

It will further be understood that the 'type' 7 cylinder in its initialposition as indicated in .Fig. 4, is lowered to a point wherein the topof said cylinder is below the horizontal plane passing through thecenter of the platen, so that the printed letters on the paper arevisible to the operator before and after a key is struck. 'It will 40printing may be accomplished, and then on the 7 release of the key,thetype cylinder drops out of the way to render the printing readilyvisible. The ribbon 5G is normally out of the way or below saidhorizontal plane, but said ribbon is raised to the desired height toprint through either half of the ribbon (black or red, depending on itsadjustment), or the ribbon may be set to be maintained out of the way ofthe type for stencil printing purposes in a' manner to be laterdescribed.

A well-known standard key board is preferably provided in my newmachine, said key board consisting of keys 55 preferably arranged infour connected to the type cylinder to select the row and character,as-well as to tilt the type cylinder to print the selected character bypressure. The escapement' is also operated by the key to move positionon' the operation of the key; The ribbon may also be fed by well knownmechanism connected to the key in a manner which is well Each of thekeys is 'operatively 0 the carriage, the ribbon being raised intoprinting 05 1 understood, and hence need not be shown nor described:

70 Each of the keys 55 is secured to. a key lever their collapsedposition.

. wheel 15.

lecting movement of-the type cylinder; It-will be :noted, TIIOWGVGI,that the key flevers' while normally in :contact with thevarioussele'c'tingmechanisms are not secured thereto butlare free to beswungabout their ipivots 5T! when"t'he --machine is to becollapsediinto. its :case.

Prior to the .folding of the case, however, the front covering plate M1,which covers :and protectsthe key levers and otheroperating :mechanism,is swung about its hinge I48 into ithe do'tted (line position thereofshown in Fig. 4. 7 Then, to swing the :front section ll'4'an'd the keysand key levers into dotted .line position fon Fig. 4, the frontsection'need merely be iliftedgwhereby the .front wall [5 thereofengages the front pcrtions ofrsaidilevers, and swingssaid levers in acounterclockwise direction about the pivot and Sland out of contact withthe various operating means.

said "means being :so disposed so as not to interferewith the typelevers as they :are swung into There are preferably three operating 0r''cam portions :on each of the key levers, namely, the escapementoperating portioncBB, which also operates the cylinder tilting frame,the cylinder row selecting .portiontl], and

- the cylinder character selecting portion 6|.

The escapement mechanismror the carriage consists of the escapementoperating portion '58 of the key lever (Fig. 4) which portion issuitably shaped to swing the escapement lever B2 in a counter-clockwisedirection. JSaid escapement lever terminates at its forward end in-anelongated supporting bar 63, to which is secured the universalescapement bar 94 extending across the machine. As shown in Figs. "3 andthe escape- Y ment lever 62 is-pivotally mounted on the rod 65,

which is in turn supportedby a suitable'bearing arm '66 projecting fromthe frame of the machine. The rearwardly projecting armfi l' of theescapement lever 6-2 terminates in a suitably rounded pin 68 passingthrough a suitable-elongated or'doubly bevelled opening 69 in theescapement pawl 10. Said :pawl is pivoted to an upstanding ear or bossTI, extending from the frame of the machine, as by means of the screw12. At its'upper end,= the 'escapement pawl T0 is provided with a pairof similar teeth J3 and adapted toengage the respective ratchet wheels15 and 1E.

Said ratchet wheels are secured to the sleeve 11, which isinternallythreaded to engage the external threads of the carriageteed-screw 40. The sleeve 11 is in turnmounted for rotation within theears E 9 extending from the frame, said ears preventing longitudinalor'axial movement of the sleeve TI by reason of the insertion of theratchet wheels in the slot 80- thereof.

' It will be seen that on thedepression of any of the keys, the keylever 55 is rotated in a clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. '4. "Theterminal escapement operatingporti'on 58 0f the key lever serves toraise the escapement bar-63 and to rotate the escapement lever62together with the rod '65 in a counter-clockwisedirection. The pin 68 isthereby lowered and the escapement pawl 10 rotated in aclockwise-direction as viewed in Fig. '2 into the position of Fig.2,"wherein "the tooth T4- has been withdrawn irom the ratchet wheel 16and the tooth 13 enters the space between thelowermost teethof theratchet withdrawal of the tooth M and the entrance of to move thecarriage slightly toward the right However, between "the-time 'of thewas viewed from the back of the 'machine tor toward :the left,.as'viewed from the front of the machine, a distance equivalentsubstantially-to part of the space betweenprinted letters, as

on, and thereby rotating the escapement lever 10 62 so that 'the end 68theredf moves. upwardly.

The escapement pawl is thereby :rotated" in a.

counter-clockwise direction, as viewed in Fig. .2, the tooth 13 leavingthe ratchet wheel 15 andzthe too'th I4 entering the ratchet wheel 16,whereby 15" theratch'et wheels are permitted to rotate under theinfluence of the "carriage spring 50. Rotation of the ratchet wheelscauses rotation of the sleeve 11 in the stationary ears [9 and therebyadvances the feed screw and the carriage longitudinally without rotationof said screw through the remainingdistance between letters.

The carriage is also similarly'moved bymeans 0f the spacing bar 8| toobtain the required space between words without printing. 'For thispurpose, the space bar 8| is provided with the spacing lever-84, pivotedto the side walls [6 of the front section 14 as at 82, and is providedwith a terminallyhook or extension 83 'operatively connected to theescapement operating mechanism. 80 As best shown in Figs. 3 and '4, theconnection comprises thelink "85,'guided in the boss 86 proiecting fromthe frame -39 of the machine, and pivoted at :its upper end as at '81to-the bent lever 88. Said lever, as will be noted from Fig. '3,

extends from both sides of the machine, being operated by similar links85, engaged by the spacing levers '84 at each-end of the: spacing bar.The lever 88 is furthermore secured to the escape ment rod 65, wherebydepression of the spacing 40 bar causes rotation of said rod "andconsequent "operation of the arm-61 of' the escapement'ilever positionas shown in Fig. 4 and that it is-inclined slightly rearwardly at averysmall angle to just clear the ribbon 54 and the platen 38. Itwil-lfurthermore be understood that the type cylinder may occupy one of twoinitial positions, that is, for uppercase printing, or for "lower caseprinting, as has been previously explained, whereby f the maximumangularrotation of the cylinder :to

select the last character of the row is less than One of the movementsof the type cylinder [is that of selecting the proper row and. carryingsaid row into printing position, which is preferably in the horizontalplane passing through thelalxis oi the platen. The mechanism providedfor this purpose includes the. row selecting portion 60' of the typelever, said portion being suitably shaped r and proportioned to swingthe lever 91, which is pivoted on the rod 92 supported in the frame ofthe machine, through the proper distance to raise the type cylinderprecisely the required amount. The lever 91! is provided with an armI'U'I which r is perforated to receive and retain the rod 93. Said rodis preferably provided with two flat faces 94 and 95, respectively, andis arranged across the machine for engagement with the row selectingportions 60 of all of the type levers. The other arm of the'lever 9| isconnected to the link 96 asat 91, the upper end 98 of said link beingpivoted (Fig. 5) to the lug 99 projecting from the sliding frame I 00.Said sliding frame (Fig. 3) is provided witha pair of suitable uprightgrooves IOI,

into which enter the rear edges I02 of the tilting frame I03, wherebythe sliding frameisguided in its movement vertically relatively tothetilting frame. Said sliding frame I is furthermore provided'with aseries. of horizontal grooves I alternating with projections I06. Thegrooves receiv'e the various type rows 89and 90, while the projec tionsenter the grooves I04 in the type cylinder between the rows of type andthereby serve to guide the type cylinder in its rotation relatively tothe sliding frame, but prevent relative longitudinal movement thereof;the projections I03 embracing the cylinder grooves I94- through .anangle of more than 180 as will be seenfrom Fig; 3.

It will be seen that on the depression of a key 55, the row selectingportion 60 of the key lever 56 engages the flat face 94 and the lowercorner of the rod 93 and raises said rod, thereby rotating the lever 9|about its pivot 92 in a clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 4, untilthe rearwardly extending edge of the portion 60 comes into contact with.the flat face 95, after which. further rotation of the lever BI isprevented. The link 96 is thereby raised through the lever 9| and thesliding frame I00 is also raised, carrying with it the type cylinder 53until the proper row of the type cylinder is brought into printingposition, the sliding that consequently, the" shape and dimensions ofsaid portion 60 differ on many of the key levers.

The type cylinder 53 is made hollow, as shown in Fig. 5, and is guidedby a suitable sleeve I08 inserted into the opening I59 therein. Saidsleeve is keyed to the type cylinder whereby rotation of the sleevecauses rotation of the'type cylinder to select the desired character ofa row in'the manner soon to bedescribed.

The means for selecting the particular desired character of any row willnow be described. Said means includes the character selecting portion 6|of the key lever 55. Said portion is of the proper shape to engage'thebar I I0 which extends across the machine and which is connected to therack III. 'Sai'd character selecting portion BI is further of thepropershape to move the bar I the exact required distance to select thecharacter corresponding to the particular key which is depressed. Bottomteeth I50 on the rack mesh with a spring-pressed pinion I5I supported bya shaft I52 for guiding. the rack in its movement in a portedby theframe of the machine. teeth I I2 of said rack are in constant mesh with'the pinion II3 (Fig. 4) said pinion being mountframe 30. 'threadedthenut .I I5 which serves to maintain straight line path. ,The shaft I 52'is suitably sup- The side ed on the upright shaft II 4 supported by theAt the upper end of said shaft is the spring I I6 inplace on the shaft.

v der.

,various key levers and which cannot therefore The lower end of saidspring abuts against the upper face of a clutch cylinder I I! which iskeyed to the shaft I I4 and which is provided with preferably fourequallyspaced clutch teeth II 8 entering corresponding recesses I I9inthe cam cyl- 5 r .110 It will be seen that on the rearward movement ofthe rack III, through-the intermediary of the bar I I0, which is in turnoperated by the portion 6| of the key lever 56, the pinion H3 andconsequently, the shaft II 4 and the clutch cylinder III thereon arerotated together with the cam cylinder I as a unit through the clutchtooth II8, the spring II 6 serving to hold the clutch cylinder down onthe cam cylinder. The gear I22 in turn meshes with the pinion I23 at the20 lower end of the type cylinder sleeve I00 which, as has beenexplained, is keyed to the type cylin- On thedepression of the properkey 55, and the consequent rotation of the cam cylinder I20 and of thegear wheel I22 mounted thereon,25

cylinder the exact distance required to select the character to beprinted. The gear I22, is preferably of twice thediameter of the pinionI23,

whereby rotation of the cam cylinder I20 through a quarter turncausesrotation of the type cylinder through ahalf turn or 180, and therebyenables the operator to change'fromup'per case to lower case characters,or vice versa.

This change, which 'I will call capitalization and decapitalization, iseifected by means of either one of a pair of shift keys I24. Each ofsaid keys is pivoted as at02 to the side walls of the front section I4and terminates in a hook or extension I25. Said-hook I25 engages theforward end of the shift lever I26, which is pivoted to an extensionI2'I of the frame as by means of the screw or pivot I28. It will beunderstood that the lever I26 extends symmetrically on both 15' sides ofthe machine and preferably terminates at its rear end in a loop I29 toclear the other -mechanism (Fig. 3).

'of the cam surfaces I2I of the cam cylinder I20.

It will be seen that on the depression of the shift key I24, the shiftlever I26 is rotated about its pivot I28 in a counter clockwisedirection @5 5 viewed in Fig. 4, thereby carrying the bevelled pin I32down into forcible contact with the adjacent cam surface I2 I, andthereby causing rotation of the cam cylinder and of the gear I 22thereon through an angle of 9 0 backwardly. The gear '60 I22 in turnrotates the pinion I23 through an angle of precisely 180- and therebyreverses the position of the characters on the type cylinder to a.diametrically opposite position, that is, the positions of the uppercase and lower case characters on the type cylinder become interchanged.

tooth II fl however. becoming disengaged from the clutch recess in thecam cylinder, since the pinion'II3 is lockedby the rack III whichengages and is stopped by the portionsfil of the move at this time. .75

The clutch tooth H8 drops into the next clutch recess II9 of the camcylinder. at the completion of the backward rotation, to accuratelyposition the gear I22 and the cam cylinder in their initial positions,whereupon the operator may continue typing either capital or smallcharacters as the case may be. small letters or from small letters tocapitalletters again, the shift key is again depressed, thereby againrotating the cam cylinder I20 a quarter turn and rotatingthe typecylinder a complete half turn.

The row selecting. and character selecting. mechanism having beendescribed, it now remains to describe the noiseless printing movement ofthe type cylinder. Said movement is accomplished by means of the sameportion 53 of the key lever, which operates the escapement. Saidportion, after operating the escapement, engages the roller bar I33,mounted on the shaft I34, and carrying the toggle member I35. At itsrearend, the toggle member is connected to one end of the toggle link I36,the other end of which is connected as at I31 to the tilting frame I03.The forward end of the toggle member I33 is pivotally secured to asuitable extensionon: the frame.

It. will be seen that as the key 55 is depressed, the. portion 58 beingsuitably shaped to raise the roller bar I33 and thereby to straightenthe toggle members I33 and I35, causes the tilting frame I03 to moverearwardly about the pivot I39 by means of which the tilting frame ispivoted at its lower end to the frame of the machine. The tilting frametogether with the sliding frame I00 and the type cylinder carriedthereby are thereby pressed rearwardly through. a small angle, thecharacter selected being in the proper position to print through theribbon 54 during the last part of the tilting movementby pressure andnot by a blow, thereby making the printing operation noiseless. Theextension 59 of the key lever serves to limit the lowermost position ofthe roller bar: I33.

At about the same timethe ribbon 54' is raised the proper distance to beinterposed between the selected character and the platen; Said ribbon'54 is mounted on a pair of. suitable spools as I40'in a well knownmanner, suitable mechanism not shown but well understood, being providedto feed the ribbon intermittently on the depression of each key. Theribbon is carried in a suitable ribbon. frame. I4I which is raised andlowered on the depression and release of theikey- The: amount that theribbon is raised can be adjusted-so that. the upper half or the: lowerhalf:

of the ribbon comes into operation to-printdifferent colors such as redor black, as may be desired,

or the ribbon may be so adjusted that no printing. is done as forexample, when it is desired to do stencil work.

Toward this end, the frame MI is connected at its lower end to a pair oflevers I42 which are pivoted as by means of the pin I43 to the eccentricI44 (Fig. 4). Said eccentric is rotatably'mounted;

in a suitable extension of the frame of themachine and is rotated withinits supporting frame by means of the ribbon adjusting handle I45. Theribbon operating lever I42 is provided with a suitable operating portionI46 adapted to, be engaged by'the rear portion of the universal bar 64whereby said lever-is raised aboutits pivot I43. the proper distanceto-raise the ribbon 54 into its required operative position on theoperation of a key 55. When the handle I45is rotated To change fromcapital'letters to lever I42 being in its nearest position relatively tothe universal bar 54, its movement by said bar begins sooner and theribbon 54 is thereby raised through a greater height than in any of theother adjusted positions of said. handle.

The lower part of the ribbon being usually colored red, the characterswill print red on-the paper inserted about the platen. Similarly, whenthe handle I45 is in the full line position shown in Fig.4, the leverI42 is at a slightly greater distance from the bar 64 and is therebylater engaged' by said bar and therefore raised a less distance. Theupper part of the ribbon therefore comes into operation and prints blackin the usual way. When it is desired that the ribbon be movedout of theway so as not to print at all, then the handle I45 is shifted into thelowest dotted center line position of Fig. 4, wherein the pin I43 is inits highest position and the universal bar 04 is ineffective to raisethe ribbon a sufiicient distance to print at all.

The operation of my improved machine has been fully described above inconnection with.

the description of the various parts thereof and hence need not berepeated. It need merely be said that the machine together with the typelevers may be folded for ready portability, by first swinging the coverI45, which covers the various.

type levers and inner operating mechanisms, upwardly about the pin I40into the position shown by the dotted lines I49 of Fig. 4. The frontsection I4 may then be swung upwardly about the hinge I1, carrying thetype bars, the spacer bar and the shift keysupwardly and into the.dotted line positions of Fig. 4. Thereafter, the rear'section 25 may beswung upwardly about its" hinge 2I' and secured to the front section. Tounfold the machine ready for operation, the steps just described arereversed.

Itfiwill be seen that I have provided simple and efiicient mechanism,eliminating the numerous type bars now customarily used in. typewriters,for selecting characters and causing them to print by pressure andtherefore substantially derstood that I do notintend to limit myself."

thereto but desire to-claim my invention as broadly asmay be permittedby the state of the prior art and the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1;. In a typewriter, a type cylinder, a plurality of vertically spacedcircumferential rows'oft-ype on said cylinder, each of said rowscarrying lower case characters on one-half thereof and upper casecharacters on the other half thereof,

means including. a key for rotating the cylinder to selectupper or lowercase characters, a key board including keys, a pivoted key lever foreach of said keys, said key lever being provided with a series of shapedoperating portions, row selecting mechanism operatively connected to thetype cylinder, character selecting. mechanism operatively connected tothe type cylinder, each of .said mechanisms being arranged normally tocontact with one of the operating portions of the key; lever and to beoperated on the depression of a key, a platen spaced from the'typecylinder 5 a distance less than the radius of the latter, and

means normally engaging another operating portion' of the key lever fortilting the type cylinder toward the platen through a small angle andop-' erated on the depression of the key for printing i ithe selectingcharacter by pressure and noiselessly, said type cylinder being normallyarranged below the center line of the platen to normally expose thewriting portion of the platen to View. 2. In a typewriter of thecharacter described,

a type member provided with a plurality of rows of type, each of saidrows containing a set of upper case characters and a set of lower casecharacters, means for rotating the member through an angle of 180 toshift the member from the position for printing a selected one of oneset of characters tothe position for printing a selected one of theother set of characters, a key, provided ,with three shaped operatingportions,-means operated by one of the operating portions of the gg' keyand operatively connected to the member for selecting a row, meansoperated by another of said portions for selecting a character from saidrw,'and means operated by the third portion for 7 tilting said member tocause the selected charj"-' acter to print 3. In a typewriter, operatingkeys, a type cylinder carrying a plurality of rows of type, meansoperated by .a key for moving said cylinder axially to select a row,means operated'by the key for rotating the cylinder to select acharacter in the selected row, and means operated by the key for tiltingsaid cylinder rearwardly to carry the selected character into printingposition, said last mentioned means including a toggle, and means a-forapplying straightening pressure to the joint of the toggle; I

4. In a typewriter, a type cylinder provided with a plurality ofvertically spaced rows of type, a slidable frame supporting saidcylinder for axial emovement and for rotation therein, a tilting framesupporting the slidable frame, operating keys, means operativelyconnecting the keys to the cylinder for rotating the cylinder through apredetermined angle on the operation of a key, j' ln'reans' operativelyconnecting the keys to the slidable frame for sliding said frame and thecylinder axially through a predetermined distance on the operation of a'key, and a toggle connection between the keys and the tilting frame for5 tilting said frame to carry the cylinder into printing position.

7 75., In a typewriter, a type cylinder carrying a plurality ofvertically spaced rows of type, a ribbon arranged rearwardly of thecylinder, key

760 ioperated means for moving the cylinder axially to'selecta row, forrotating the cylinder to select a character in the selected row and to'tilt the cylinder toward the, ribbon to print the selected character,key operated means 'for'raising the ribbon into printing position, and aseries of keys each provided with'a plurality of integral shapedportions for operating said cylinder moving, ro-

tating and tilting means and'said ribbon raising means on the depressionof the key.

,6. In a typewriter, a' type cylinder provided with a plurality ofvertically spaced rows of type,-key operated means'for selecting a row,

for selecting a character from said row and for putting pressure on thecharacter in printing position, a ribbon arranged rearwardly of the typecylinder and normally below printing position, key operated means forraising the ribboninto printing position and permitting the ribbon todrop into its initial position after the selected character has beenprinted therethrough, and a 5 series of keys, each provided with apluralityof integral shaped portions for operating said row selecting,character selecting and character pressing means and said ribbon raisingmeans on the depression of the keys. 0

7. In a typewriter provided with a plurality of vertically spaced rowsof characters, means .for selecting a character from a row, and keyoperated means for moving the rows through a slight angle in a verticalplane to cause the selectedcharacter to print noiselessly by pressure,includ-' ing a toggle and a key portion engaging the joint of the toggleto apply straightening pressure thereto. 7 8. In a typewriter, a typecylinder carrying a 2 plurality of vertically spaced rows of type,onehalf of each of said rows containing upper case characters and theother half containing lower' case characters, means for supporting saidcylin der for rotation about its axis; for axial movement thereof andfor the tilting thereof bodily in' a vertical plane, keys carrying uppercase and lower case indicia thereon, means operatively connecting thekeys to the cylinder to select a character and to move the selectedcharacter into rality of vertically spaced rows oftype, operat- 40L ingkeys, pivoted key levers carrying said keys, said key levers beingprovided with a series of operating projections, means adapted to be en-7 gaged by one of said projections and operatively connected tothe typecarrying member for mov ing said member axially to select a row, meansadapted to be engaged by another of said projections and operativelyconnected to the type member to move said type member for selecting acharacter from the selected row, means adapted so to be engaged byanother of said'projections and operatively connected to the member fortilting said -member into printing position including a 7' toggle. a

10, In a typewriter, an axially movable, rotat- 5 5 able, and tiltablemember,type' characters on said member, key levers, a series, ofoperating portions on said key levers, means arranged normally in thepath of one of said operating portionsfto move the member axially, meansar; 00

ranged normally in the path of another of said portions to rotate themember, means arranged normally in the path of a third portion to tiltthe member, a carriage, an escapement feed'for the carriage, and meansadapted to be engaged V half of "each of said rows containing upper case'rol characters and the other half containing lower case characters, aframe embracing the cylinder between said rows through an angle of lessthan 360 and adapted to support the cylinder for ro,-'

tation about the axis thereof, and capitalizing 7 and decapitalizingmeans for rotating the cylinder through an angle of 180 comprising ashift key, a lever operated by said key, a grooved cam rotated by saidlever through a. predetermined angle on the depression of said key, andmeans for operatively connecting the cam to the cylinder to rotate thecylinder.

12. In a typewriter, a type cylinder, an annular row of type on saidcylinder, one-half of said row containing upper case characters and theother half containing lower case characters, and capitalizing anddecapitalizing means for rotating the cylinder through an angle of 180comprising a shift key, a lever operated by said key, a toothed memberon the lever, a grooved cam adapted to be rotated by the toothed memberthrough a predetermined angle, and means for operatively connecting thecam to the cylinder to rotate the cylinder.

13. In a typewriter, a type cylinder, key lever-s, a. single pivot barfor said levers, a series of operating portions each of predeterminedshape on said key levers, means arranged normally in the path of one ofsaid operating portions to move the cylinder axially, means arrangednormally in the path of another of said portions to rotate the cylinder,and means arranged normally in the path of a third portion to tilt thecylinder, said portions being shaped to move the cylinder through apredetermined distance.

14. In a typewriter, a type carrying cylinder, a series of key levers, asingle pivot bar for said levers, a cylinder tilting portion on each ofsaid key levers, a cylinder rotating portion on each of said levers, acylinder raising portion on each of said levers, and means arranged inthe path of each of said portions and operatively connected to thecylinder for effecting predetermined movement of the cylinder, theshapes of said portions determining the extent of said movement.

15. In a typewriter, a pivoted key lever, an operating portion thereon,a link pivoted at one of its ends and arranged in the path of saidoperating portion, a second link connected to the other end of thefirst-mentioned link and arranged slightly out of alignment therewith, apivoted frame pivoted to the second link, and a type cylinder carried bysaid frame, said links forming a toggle joint whereby depression of thekey straightens said joint to tilt the frame and to move the cylinderthrough a small angle into printing position.

16. In a typewriter, a type cylinder, at pivoted frame supporting saidcylinder, and means for tilting said frame through a small angle tocause said cylinder to print by pressure, comprising a first linkpivoted at one end of said link, a roller bar carried by said link, asecond link connecting the frame and the first link, a series of keylevers and an operating portion on each of said levers adapted to engagesaid roller bar to straighten said links relatively to each other andthereby to exert tilting pressure upon the frame.

1'7. In a typewriter of the character described,

a type member provided with a plurality of rows of type, each of saidrows containing a set of upper case characters and a set of lower casecharacters, means for rotating the member through a predetermined angleto shift the member from the position for printing a selected one of oneset of characters to the position for printing a selected one of theother set of characters, a key provided with three shaped operatingportions, means operated by one of the operating portions of the key andoperatively connected to the member for selecting a row, means operatedby another of said portions for selecting a character from said row, andmeans operated bythe third portion for tilting said member to cause theselected character to print.

18. In a typewriter, a type cylindenkey levers,

a series of operating portions each of predetermined shape on said keylevers, means arranged normally in the path of one of said operatingportions to move the cylinder axially, means arranged normally in thepath of another of said portions to rotate the cylinder, and meansarranged normally in the path of a third portion to tilt the cylinder,said portions being shaped to move the cylinder through a predetermineddistance.

19. In a typewriter, an axially movable, rotatable, and tiltable member,type characters on said member, key levers, a series of operatingportions onsaid key levers, means arrangednormally in the path of one ofsaid operating portions to move the member axially, means arranged nor-45 mally in the path of another of said portions to rotate the member,means arranged normally in the path of a third portion to tilt themember,

a carriage, an escapement feed for the carriage, and means adapted to beengaged by one of said to portions to operate said escapement.

ROBERT G. CLARK.

